Polonnaruwa District
Polonnaruwa is one of Sri Lanka’s most iconic historical sites. It was the **second capital** of the country and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its ancient ruins, reservoirs, and rich history.
History & Heritage
Polonnaruwa was the royal capital of Sri Lanka from the **11th to the 13th century**. Under the rule of King Parakramabahu I, the city flourished with grand palaces, stupas, and advanced irrigation systems. Today, it remains one of the best-preserved ancient cities in Asia.
Religious & Cultural Significance
The district is home to some of the most significant Buddhist monuments, including the famous **Gal Vihara** rock-cut statues. Hindu and South Indian influences are also evident in the architecture of Polonnaruwa.
Agriculture & Irrigation
Polonnaruwa is a major agricultural hub in Sri Lanka, thanks to its sophisticated ancient **irrigation systems**. The massive **Parakrama Samudraya** (Sea of Parakrama) reservoir still supports farming today, making the district a major producer of rice and vegetables.
Tourist Attractions
- Gal Vihara: A stunning collection of massive Buddha statues carved into granite rock.
- Polonnaruwa Vatadage: An ancient circular relic house with intricate stone carvings.
- Rankoth Vehera: A large, well-preserved stupa built in the style of Anuradhapura stupas.
- Parakrama Samudraya: A massive reservoir that was built by King Parakramabahu I.
- Lankatilaka Temple: A majestic brick temple with an enormous standing Buddha statue.
Culture & Lifestyle
The people of Polonnaruwa lead a peaceful rural lifestyle, with farming as the main occupation. The district hosts several **Buddhist festivals** and **cultural events**, especially during **Poson Poya** when thousands of pilgrims visit the sacred sites.
Connectivity
Polonnaruwa is well-connected by road and rail, with frequent buses and trains from Colombo and Kandy. The district’s location in the **North Central Province** makes it an important transit hub for travelers exploring Sri Lanka’s cultural triangle.
Interesting Facts
- Polonnaruwa was the **second capital** of Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura.
- The irrigation systems built over 800 years ago are still in use today.
- It is a **UNESCO World Heritage Site** with some of the best-preserved ruins in South Asia.
- Gal Vihara's **reclining Buddha statue** is one of the most iconic images in Sri Lankan history.
Exploring Polonnaruwa is like stepping back in time. With its breathtaking ruins, ancient wisdom, and serene landscapes, it offers an unforgettable experience for history lovers and spiritual seekers alike.